First Female U.S. Presidential Nominee: Hillary Clinton

Hillary Clinton’s historic 2016 campaign underscored the ongoing challenges women face in politics. Despite winning the popular vote, she lost the presidency to Donald Trump, a stark reminder of the hurdles women continue to encounter in leadership roles. Her candidacy built upon the efforts of pioneers like Victoria Woodhull and Shirley Chisholm, illustrating the evolving landscape for women in American politics.

Hillary Clinton made history in 2016 by becoming the first female presidential nominee of a major U.S. political party. Although she garnered nearly three million more votes than Donald Trump, the electoral college ultimately decided the outcome. This milestone offered a moment to reflect on the trailblazers who paved the way and highlighted the persistent barriers women face in politics.

Victoria Woodhull, who announced her intention to run for president in 1872—well before women had the right to vote—was a trailblazer in advocating for women’s rights. As a stockbroker and newspaper owner, Woodhull made bold strides, declaring in a 1870 letter to the New York Herald:

“I now announce myself as a candidate for the Presidency. I am quite well aware that in assuming this position I shall evoke more ridicule than enthusiasm.”

Despite her determination, Woodhull encountered significant obstacles, including being under the minimum age required to run for president. Additionally, her progressive views on “free love” led some prominent activists like Susan B. Anthony to distance themselves from her.

The Equal Rights Party, which Woodhull represented, championed civil rights for African Americans, improved labor conditions, and women’s rights. Although Woodhull was not listed on any ballots, her campaign marked the beginning of a new era for women in American politics.

Following Woodhull, other women made notable attempts to break barriers. Belva Ann Lockwood ran for president in 1884 and 1888, Margaret Chase Smith sought the Republican nomination in 1964, and in 1972, Shirley Chisholm became the first African American woman to vie for a major party’s presidential nomination. Pat Schroeder also gained attention in 1988 with her declaration, “I have a brain and a uterus and I use both,” highlighting her ability to balance parenting and political responsibilities.

Hillary Clinton’s 2016 candidacy was the culmination of these efforts. She received 65,853,514 votes, or 48.2% of the popular vote, compared to Trump’s 62,984,828 votes, or 46.1%. Her campaign’s fundraising success, exceeding $1.2 billion, reflected substantial support for her bid.

Though the glass ceiling was not shattered, the work of Woodhull, Lockwood, Chisholm, and Clinton has weakened it. Their pioneering efforts have inspired future generations of female leaders and continue to shape the path for women in leadership roles. The future remains full of potential as the journey for women in politics continues to evolve.